L?hain? is the largest census-designated place (CDP) in West Maui, Maui County, Hawaii, United States, and the gateway to the famous Ka'anapali and Kapalua beach resorts to its north. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a resident population of 11,704. Lahaina encompasses the coast along Hawaii Route 30 from a tunnel at the south end, through Olawalu, and to the CDP of Napili-Honokowai to the north. During the tourist season, the population can swell to nearly 40,000 people.
Lahaina was the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1820 to 1845, when the capital was moved back to Honolulu. In the 19th century, Lahaina was the center of the global whaling industry, with many sailing ships anchoring at its waterfront; today pleasure craft make their home there. Lahaina's Front Street has been ranked one of the "Top Ten Greatest Streets" by the American Planning Association.
Lahaina's popularity as a tropical getaway has made its real estate some of the most expensive in Hawaii; many luxury homes and condos are sold for more than $2 million there.
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History
In antiquity Lahaina was the royal capital of Maui Loa, ali?i nui of the island of Maui, after he ceded the royal seat of Hana to the ruler of Hawaii Island. In Lahaina, the focus of activity is along Front Street, which dates back to the 1820s. It is lined with stores and restaurants and often packed with tourists. Banyan Tree Square features an exceptionally large banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) planted by William Owen Smith on April 24, 1873, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the arrival of Christian missionaries. It is also the site of the reconstructed ruins of Lahaina Fort, originally built in 1832.
Lele was an ancient name of Lahaina. The name L? hain? means "cruel sun" in the Hawaiian language, describing the sunny dry climate. Lahaina averages only 13 inches (330 mm) of rain per year, much of which occurs from December to February.
In 1795, before unification of the islands, the town was conquered by Kamehameha the Great. Lahaina was the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1820 to 1845. King Kamehameha III, son of Kamehameha I, preferred the town to bustling Honolulu. He built a palace complex on a 1 acre (0.40 ha) island Moku?ula surrounded by a pond called Moku Hina, said to be home to Kiwahine, a spiritual protector of Maui and the Pi'ilani royal line, near the center of town. In 1824, at the chiefs' request, Betsey Stockton started the first mission school open to the common people. It was once an important destination for the 19th-century whaling fleet, whose presence at Lahaina frequently led to conflicts with the Christian missionaries living there. On more than one occasion the conflict was so severe that it led to the shelling of Lahaina by whalers.
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Geography and Climate
Lahaina is located at 20°53?10?N 156°40?29?W (20.886122, -156.674602).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.3 square miles (24.1 km2), of which 7.8 square miles (20.2 km2) is land and 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), or 16.26%, is water.
Maui's west coast includes several different microclimates and wind lines. Lahaina's northern end gets four times as much rainfall as historic Lahaina and is cooler. The Kaanapali area of Lahaina gets twice as much rain as historic Lahaina.
Lahaina has a tropical, semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) with warm temperatures year-round.
Attractions
In 1831 a fort was built for defense, and the reconstructed remains of its 20-foot (6.1 m) walls and original cannons can still be seen. Also nearby are the historic Pioneer Inn and the Baldwin House.
The Plantation Course at Kapalua hosts the PGA Tour's Hyundai Tournament of Champions every January.
The many restaurants along Front Street offer a broad variety of food and entertainment, making it the hub of West Maui's night life.
The "Carthaginian II", a recreation of a 19th-century whaler ship, was a floating museum of whaling from 1980 to 2005, located dockside just across the Pioneer Inn hotel. Due to irreversible rust damage to the steel hull, the "Carthaginian II", which had started life as a German freight carrier in the Baltic sea, was sunk in 95-feet of water about one-half mile offshore from Lahaina. It now serves as a submarine tourist and diver attraction.
Halloween is a major celebration in Lahaina and has become a signature event in the past decades, with crowds averaging between 20,000 and 30,000. The evening starts off closing Front Street to cars so the "Keiki Parade" of children in costumes can begin. Eventually adults in costumes join in, and by dark the street becomes one big party, which has earned the event the title of "Mardi Gras of the Pacific". In 2008 the celebration was curtailed due to the objections of a group of cultural advisers who felt Halloween was an affront to Hawaiian culture. In the following years the event was poorly attended, as the street was not closed and no costume contest took place. In 2011, citing economic concerns, the city permitted the annual signature event to fully resume.
Every November, Lahaina hosts the Maui Invitational, one of the top early-season tournaments in college basketball. New sponsorship of this event will cause the event to be renamed.
Lahaina also hosts the finish of the Vic-Maui Yacht Race, the longest offshore sailboat race on the West Coast, which starts in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada This race started in the 1960s and is held every two years.
Lahaina Activities
Economy
Major employers in Lahaina include People Who Clean, Safeway, Aina Nalu Lahaina by Outrigger, the Old Lahaina Luau, Maui Jim, Longhi's, T S Restaurants, Hawai'i Department of Education, Cheeseburger in Paradise, Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, and Aloha Mixed Plate.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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