The Hawai?i Belt Road is a modern name for the M?malahoa Highway and consists of Hawai?i state Routes 11, 19, and 190 that encircle the Island of Hawai?i. The southern section, between Hilo and Kailua-Kona is numbered as Route 11. The section between Hilo and Waimea is Route 19. Between Waimea and Kailua-Kona, the road is split in two: the original "mauka" route (now Route 190) and a "makai" Route 19, completed in 1975, which serves as access to the Kona and Kohala Coast resorts. In the Hawaiian language, mauka means "towards the mountain" and makai means "towards the sea". These terms are commonly used in travel directions.
Parts of the southern half of the Hawai?i Belt Road were known during the Territorial days as the Ka?? Belt Road. The names "Hawai?i Belt Road" and "M?malahoa Highway" refer to the road system that encircles the entire island; many sections are also referenced by local names.
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History
M?malahoa Highway was named for the royal decree by King Kamehameha I after an incident he and his party experienced in 1783.
As he prepared to unite the Islands of Hawai?i, Kamehameha I would conduct shoreline raids on the neighboring ahupua?a (traditional land divisions). It was on one such incursion that the King's warriors encountered two local fishermen along the Puna coast. The two fled to warn others of the pending attack and Kamehameha and his men took chase. When they crossed a lava field, one of the King's feet got caught in a crevice.
The fishermen, seizing the opportunity to retaliate, returned and attacked. In the ensuing brawl, one of the King's steersmen was killed and Kamehameha himself received a blow to the head that was so hard that it splintered the man's weapon - a solid koa canoe paddle. The two Puna men escaped.
Kamehameha I opted not to retaliate but instead took this as a lesson: The strong must not mistreat the weak, his people must be assured protection from harm's way in their pursuits and that safe passage must be everyone's entitlement. A decade later, King Kamehameha I, upon reflecting on his deliverance that day in Puna and on the memory of his fallen warrior, proclaimed Ke K?n?wai M?malahoe - "The Law of the Splintered Paddle" - at Kahale?iole?ole in the Kaipalaoa area of Hilo.
Ke K?n?wai M?malahoe is considered such an important law to the Hawaiians that at the 1978 Constitutional Convention it was added to the Constitution of Hawai?i. In it, the law protects the public and the safety of all who travel throughout the Islands, including fishermen, gatherers, hunters and visitors alike.
The M?malahoa trail was a foot trail built in the nineteenth century, which developed into this highway. Various parts were widened and re-aligned over the years. Much of the Hawai?i Belt Road through North Hilo and H?m?kua districts was built on the roadbed and bridges of the Hawaii Consolidated Railway as part of the recovery from a tsunami that ravaged the island's northeast coast in 1946.
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Route description
Route 11
The mile 0 marker is at the intersection of Kamehameha Avenue (Route 19), Banyan Drive and Kanoelehua Avenue in Hilo. After about a mile is the intersection with P???inak? Street (Route 2000), which connects to the Saddle Road. Route 11 then continues along Kanoelehua Avenue towards Kea?au where it becomes Volcano Highway near milepost 4 before crossing into Puna District. Volcano Highway intersects with the terminus of Kea?au-P?hoa Road (Route 130) past mile 6 and Old Kea?au-P?hoa Road (Route 139), then continues through the towns of Kurtistown, Mountain View, Glenwood and Volcano Village.
Just beyond the Ka?? District line, the entrance to Hawai?i Volcanoes National Park at mile 28 marks another name change, back to M?malahoa Highway. The two lane road crests (4,024 feet (1,227 m)) just before the mile 30 marker and then heads down a long downhill stretch through the Ka?? desert towards the black sands of Punalu?u Beach Park, passing macadamia orchards near the town of P?hala at mile 51 and the Sea Mountain Resort in N?nole at mile 56.
Next are N???lehu (mile 63), the southernmost community in the USA, and Wai??hinu (mile 65) which was a retreat for Mark Twain. A winding uphill climb yields to a meandering country lane where South Point Road, near mile 69, leads to Ka Lae (south point).
Another comfortable stretch of two lane road and a return to highway speeds begins past the mile 71 marker. M?malahoa Highway crosses Mauna Loa's 1907 Lava Flow -- there is a scenic point at mile 75 -- before passing through Ocean View between Tiki Lane and Aloha Boulevard. Just past mile 82 is the South Kona District line.
Starting at mile 89, M?malahoa Highway has sharp curves and a steep drop-off along the coastal side. Many small fishing villages dot the coast, including Miloli?i, P?p? Bay, Kona Paradise and Ho?okena. The macadamia orchards soon give way to another tree crop. This is Kona coffee Country.
Keala o Keawe Road (Route 160), just before mile 104, serves as access to Pu?uhonua o H?naunau National Historic Park and St. Benedict's Catholic Church. Further along is the town of Captain Cook, named for the famed English explorer Captain James Cook. N?p??opo?o Road (Route 160) leads down to N?p??opo?o and Kealakekua Bay, site of the monument to Cook's death.
After mile 111 come the towns of Kealakekua, Kainaliu and Honalo. At "Coffee Junction" (mile 114), M?malahoa Highway continues straight and eventually becomes Route 180, Route 11 veers to left and becomes Kuakini Highway. A 5-mile (8.0 km) stretch from Honalo and then along the upper road until it rejoins the main Belt Road at Palani Junction is under consideration to be designated a National Scenic Byway. It was called the Kona Heritage Corridor by the state. A somewhat steep descent off Pu?uloa drops into the town of Kailua-Kona.
Just past Lako Street is where Kuakini Highway branches to the left and Highway 11 becomes Queen Ka?ahumanu Highway. In the vicinity of mile 121, Hual?lai Road (Route 182, incorrectly signed as "180") crosses at an exaggerated angle (a rare concurrent route). Route 11 finally reaches the crossroads of the "Queen K" and Palani Road, pinpointing the termini of all three Hawai?i Belt Road route numbers.
Route 19
Tucked away at the gates to Hilo Wharf on K?hi? Street is the mile 0 marker for Route 19. One block later, it then turns right onto Kalaniana?ole Avenue, running between the waters of Hilo Bay and the Runway 8/26 of Hilo International Airport, before crossing Kanoelehua Avenue (Route 11) and Banyan Drive where the name changes to Kamehameha Avenue. Flanking the Wailoa River (Hawaii) Bridge is the 1960 Tsunami Memorial Clock with its hands frozen at the moment the killer waves struck early morning on May 23, 1960.
The highway continues along Kamehameha Avenue, paralleling a closed section of Bayfront Highway (used as access and parking for Hilo Bayfront Park), then turns right onto Pauahi Street before quickly turning left onto the open section of Bayfront Highway. Bayfront Highway, which serves as a bypass for the downtown business district of Hilo, is often closed to traffic by the Hawai?i County Police Department in times of high surf.
Past the intersection with Wai?nuenue Avenue (Route 200, known as the Saddle Road), Route 19 crosses over the Wailuku River via a converted railroad plate girder bridge with a metal grate roadway that causes tires to "sing" as vehicles pass over it. Leaving Hilo, the route assumes the name Hawai?i Belt Road, leaving M?malahoa Highway to the older decommissioned portions of the original thoroughfare. Many former sugarcane plantation towns dot the highway, including Wainaku, Pauka?a and P?pa?ikou.
Shortly after the mile 7 marker, part of the old M?malahoa Highway crosses Hawai?i Belt Road. The road to the right leads down the "Onomea Scenic Drive," a 4-mile (6.44 km) loop road that crosses several one-lane wooden bridges and past the Hawai?i Tropical Botanical Garden overlooking Onomea Bay before returning to Hawai?i Belt Road at mile 10 in Pepe?eke?.
Hawai?i Belt Road meets the rugged H?m?kua coastline near mile 12. A left turn onto Honom? Road (Route 220) leads to ?Akaka Falls State Park, home of the namesake 442-foot (135 m) tall waterfall and the slightly shorter Kah?n? Falls. These waters empty in the Pacific Ocean at Kolekole Beach Park past mile 14.
The Hakalau Bridge carries Route 19 from the South Hilo District to North Hilo District. A number of cascades are visible from the road on the "mauka" side of the highway. Umauma Falls lies inside the World Botanical Gardens, but two other falls are viewed from the Umauma Bridge (between mile 16 and mile 17). Between mile 18 and mile 19 is N?nue Stream with another picturesque waterfall.
The highway negotiates three sharp curves: Maulua (mile 22), Laup?hoehoe (mile 26) and Ka?awali?i (mile 28). Maulua Gulch has a small waterfall emptying into the ocean (visible from the Hilo side by looking across the gulch) and another in the back part of the gorge near the base of the radio tower. Also, an abandoned railroad tunnel is sometimes visible from the H?m?kua side. The Laup?hoehoe Railroad Museum is located on the "mauka" side past mile 25. On the other side of Laup?hoehoe Gulch, an access road leads down to Laup?hoehoe Point Beach Park where the victims of the 1946 "April Fool's Day" tsunami are memorialized. Past Ka?awali?i Gulch lie the much-welcomed passing lanes as Highway 19 goes by the old sugarmill town of ?O??kala.
The H?m?kua District begins on the opposite side of Ka?ula Bridge (mile 30). Highway speeds are now the norm but caution must be observed when crossing the narrow "Curved Bridge" near mile 32. This bridge was replaced in May 2010 by a new bridge with less curvature. Hamlets with names like K?ka?iau, Pa?auilo, Kal?p? and P??auhau were once homes for sugar plantation workers from places like the Philippines, China and Japan.
M?mane Street (Route 240, mile 42) spurs off to the right to become the main street of Honoka?a before providing access to Waipi?o Valley. Old M?malahoa Highway branches uphill to wind through rugged hills of ?hualoa and is a scenic but slower route to Waimea. Meanwhile, Hawai?i Belt Road makes its way through fog-shrouded eucalyptus stands.
The Old M?malahoa Highway rejoins Route 19 near mile 52 where they cross into South Kohala District. Now again called M?malahoa Highway, Route 19 continues into the town of Waimea (known as Kamuela by the Post Office), the headquarters for Parker Ranch and the heart of paniolo (Hawaiian cowboy) country.
At mile 57, the route turns right onto Lindsey Road (see Route 190). One block down, Route 19 spurs left onto Kawaihae Road, past a row of restaurants and before starting downhill towards the coast. Just beyond mile 59 is a "Y" junction with Kohala Mountain Road (Route 250) in front of Hawai?i Preparatory Academy.
Queen Ka?ahumanu Highway begins at the "T" intersection with Akoni Pule Highway (Route 270) past mile 67 outside Kawaihae. Completed in 1975, "The Queen K" connects the resort properties of Mauna Kea Beach (mile 68), Mauna Lani (mile 73), Waik?loa Beach (mile 76) and Ka??p?lehu (mile 87) with the Ke?hole-Kona International Airport (mile 83) and the town of Kailua-Kona. Some beaches include H?puna, Holoholokai, ?Anaeho?omalu, Makalawena, Kekaha Kai State Park and Kaloko-Honok?hau.
The terminus of Route 19 is at the crossroads of Palani Road (Route 190) at mile 100 where Queen Ka?ahumanu Highway continues as Route 11.
Route 190
The continuation of M?malahoa Highway from the Lindsey Road (Route 19) intersection is the beginning of Route 190 with the mile 0 marker posted on the corner. This was the original Hilo-to-Kona link which served as Highway 19 until the route was reassigned in 1975 to the newly opened Queen Ka?ahumanu Highway along the coast.
The road subsequently runs past Camp Tarawa, the Parker Ranch headquarters and the Waimea-Kohala Airport before traversing the rolling pasturelands of the South Kohala District.
Few intersections are found along the next 20 miles (32.19 km). Saddle Road (Route 200) comes to its western terminus near mile 6 and Waik?loa Road ends its 12 miles (19.31 km) climb from Queen Ka?ahumanu Highway at M?malahoa Highway's mile 11 marker. There are some sharp curves as the old road passes Pu?u Lani Ranch (mile 20) in Pu?uanahulu and the entrance to Pu?u Wa?awa?a Forest Reserve. A long narrow strip of asphalt stretches across the windswept rangelands and lava fields covered with fountain grass.
As the road passes through a stand of eucalyptus and ?ohi?a trees near mile 31, the upland neighborhoods of the North Kona District come into view: Kalaoa, Kona Palasades Estates, Koloko Mauka and Honok?hau. On the other side of mile 35, a traffic light at the top of Hina Lani Street provides access to a Costco store.
At a 3-way intersection, the M?malahoa Highway turns left and becomes Route 180, while Route 190 continues straight, becoming Palani Road. Palani descends steeply towards Kailua-Kona, making many quick turns and narrow curves. Palani Road meets Queen Ka?ahumanu Highway, marking the end of the route, though Palani Road continues downhill to its junction with Kuakini Highway and Ali?i Drive.
Major intersections
Main route (Routes 11 and 19)
The entire route is in Hawaii County.
Inland route (Route 190)
The entire route is in Hawaii County.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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